Canada covers most of the northern part of the North American continent. It has an area larger than that of the United States. Canada is a federation of ten provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan and three territories: Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut. Formally Canada is considered to be a constitutional monarchy, and it is governed by its own House of Commons.

In the east of Canada the maritime provinces have an irregular coastline on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic. The principal cultivable areas are the St. Lawrence plain, covering most of southern Quebec and Ontario, and the interior continental plain, covering southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan and most of Alberta. These plains are separated by a forested plateau rising from Lakes Superior and Huron.

In the west part f Canada, toward the Pacific, most of British Columbia, the Yukon, and part of western Alberta are covered by parallel mountain ranges, including the Rockies. The Pacific border of the Canada's coast range is ragged with fjords and channels. The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan in Yukon (19,850 ft; 6,050 m). The two principal river systems are the Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence river is navigable for over 1,900 mi (3,058 km).

Canada's total land area is approximately 3,511,003 sq mi (9,093,507 sq km); and the total area is 3,855,102 sq mi (9,984,670 sq km).

Canada's population (2007 est.) is 33,390,141, where the growth rate is 0.9%, the birth rate: 10.8/1000; the infant mortality rate: 4.6/1000; the life expectancy: 80.3, and the density per square mile is 9.

Canada's capital is Ottawa, Ontario, with population of 1,142,700 (metro. area).

Canada's largest metropolitan areas are: Toronto - 5,203,600; Montreal - 3,606,700; Vancouver - 2,160,000; Calgary - 1,037,100; Edmonton - 1,101,600; Quebec - 710,700; Hamilton - 710,300; Winnipeg - 702,400; London - 459,700; and Kitchener - 450,100.

Canada's official monetary unit is Canadian dollar.

Canada has two official languages: English, which is spoken by 59.3% of the canadian population, and French, which is spoken by 23.2%; and the rest 17.5% of the population speaks other languages.

Canada combines such ethnicities and races as: people of British Isles origin 28%, people of French origin 23%, other European 15%, indigenous Indian and Inuit 2%, other, who are mostly of Asian, African, or Arab origin 6%, and of mixed background there is 26% of the population.

As for religions in Canada, it has 43% of Roman Catholics, 23% of Protestants (including United Church 10%, Anglican 7%, Baptist 2%, Lutheran 2%), 4% of the other Christians, 2% of Muslim population, and 16% of those who don't partice any reigion at all (2001).

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