Turkey is at the northeast end of the Mediterranean Sea in southeast Europe and southwest Asia. To the north is the Black Sea and to the west is the Aegean Sea. Its neighbors are Greece and Bulgaria to the west, Russia, Ukraine, and Romania to the north and northwest (through the Black Sea), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east, and Syria and Iraq to the south. The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus divide the country. Turkey in Europe comprises an area about equal to the state of Massachusetts. Turkey in Asia is about the size of Texas. Its center is a treeless plateau rimmed by mountains.

Government - Republican parliamentary democracy.

Land area: 297,591 sq mi (770,761 sq km); total area: 301,384 sq mi (780,580 sq km)

Population (2006 est.): 70,413,958 (growth rate: 1.1%); birth rate: 16.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 39.7/1000; life expectancy: 72.6; density per sq mi: 237

Capital (2003 est.): Ankara, 3,582,000 (metro. area), 3,456,100 (city proper)

Largest cities: Istanbul, 9,760,000 (metro. area), 8,831,805 (city proper); Izmir, 2,398,200; Bursa, 1,288,900; Adana, 1,219,900; Gaziantep, 979,500

Monetary unit: Turkish lira (YTL)

Languages: Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian

Ethnicity/race: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)

Religions: Islam (mostly Sunni) 99.8%, other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

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